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Argentina stretches 4,000 km from its sub-tropical north to the sub-antarctic south.
Its terrain includes part of the Andes mountain range, swamps, the plains of the Pampas and a long coastline. Its people have had to struggle with military dictatorship, a lost war over the Falkland Islands, and severe economic difficulties.
Overview
Argentina is rich in resources, has a well-educated workforce and is one of South America's largest economies. But it has also fallen prey to a boom and bust cycle.
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AT-A-GLANCE
Politics: Outgoing President Kirchner, a Peronist, has enjoyed high approval ratings
Economy: The economy has rebounded after hitting rock bottom in 2001, but poverty remains a challenge
International: A row over Uruguayan paper mills sours neighbourly relations; Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falklands, a UK overseas territory
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A deep recession foreshadowed economic collapse in 2001. This left more than half the population living in poverty and triggered unrest. The country struggled with record debt defaults and currency devaluation.
By 2003 a recovery was under way, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed to a vital new loan. Since then, Argentina has restructured its massive debt, offering creditors new bonds for the defaulted ones, and has repaid its debt to the IMF. But with poverty rife and unemployment high, many Argentines still await the benefits of the economic upturn.
The legacy of military rule from 1976-1983 is an open wound. Tens of thousands of people were killed in the seven-year "dirty war". The bodies of many abductees - known as the "disappeared" - have never been found.
Amnesties which protected former junta members from prosecution have been repealed and the legality of pardons granted to military leaders in the 1980s and 1990s is being questioned.
Argentines gave the world the tango. They are mad about soccer, and are reckoned to be the best polo players. Their love of horses is best personified by the figure of the Argentine 'gaucho', the solitary, independent ranch-hand.
Facts
- Full name: Argentine Republic
- Population: 39.5 million (UN, 2007)
- Capital: Buenos Aires
- Area: 2.8 million sq km (1.1 million sq miles)
- Major language: Spanish
- Major religion: Christianity
- Life expectancy: 72 years (men), 79 years (women) (UN)
- Monetary unit: 1 peso = 100 centavos
- Main exports: Food and live animals, mineral fuels, cereals, machinery
- GNI per capita: US $4,470 (World Bank, 2006)
- Internet domain: .ar
- International dialling code: +54
Leaders
President: Cristina Fernandez
Cristina Fernandez swept to victory in the first round of Argentina's presidential election in October 2007 - a victory that many attributed to the popularity of her husband, President Nestor Kirchner.
Ms Fernandez is the first woman to be elected president of Argentina
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She fought the election campaign largely on Mr Kirchner's record of reducing poverty and unemployment in the wake of the 2001-2002 economic crisis - one of the worst crises the country had ever experienced.
She is expected to continue her husband's domestic policies of striving for high growth rates while containing inflation.
However, she is also expected to devote more attention to foreign policy, continuing to maintain close ties with other Latin American countries such as Brazil and Venezuela while at the same time seeking to ease the at times strained ties with Washington.
The main challenge Ms Fernandez will have to face is the renewed threat of high inflation. A quarter of the Argentine population still lives in poverty, and any rise in the prices of basic commodities is likely to have a devastating impact.
She has a long track-record as a politician. As a law student in the 1970s she was active in a leftist Peronist movement, later becoming first a provincial and then a national deputy.
She supported her husband - whom she met at university in 1975 - as he rose through the Peronist ranks, and in 1995 became a senator herself.
After Mr Kirchner was elected president in 2003, she was his chief adviser, and he also plays an important role in her leadership. One of his first jobs was to help with negotiations to release hostages held by the guerrillas in the Colombian jungle.
The couple have been dubbed "the Clintons of the South", and Ms Fernandez encouraged the comparison by alluding to the similiarities between herself and Hillary Clinton during her election campaign.
Media
Argentina is one of South America's leading media markets. The country has well over 150 daily newspapers, hundreds of commercial radio stations, dozens of TV stations and one of the world's highest take-up rates for cable TV.
Over time, the industry has consolidated and large conglomerates have emerged. Public broadcasting has not played a major role in the development of radio and TV.
Since the return to democracy in 1983, journalists have generally been able to carry out their work freely. But there have been worries that government influence over the media is growing.
Media rights body Reports Without Borders says journalists in the provinces risk being "hounded" by the police and courts.
The press
Television
- Canal 7 - state-run
- Telefe - operated by Grupo Telefe, includes Canal 11 in Buenos Aires; boasts high ratings nationally
- Grupo Clarin - operates Canal 13 in Buenos Aires and nationally via satellite and cable, and cable/satellite news channel Todo Noticias
- Canal 9 - Buenos Aires
Radio
News agencies
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BBC News channel
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